How Many Cups in a 15 Oz Can
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the earth'southward favorite picture show characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald drape and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that brand the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Motion-picture show
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to ask which graphic symbol the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on set up for three months, only many of her scenes were cut for existence too scary for audiences.
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was immature at the fourth dimension, the xvi-year-sometime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more than like a preadolescent kid.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wearable a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatsoever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. Subsequently MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart motion.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Moving-picture show Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings squad spread blackness ink beyond the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — West W Westward."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's final-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'due south quest to meet the Wonderful Magician of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood'due south preferred selection for faux snow. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than i for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human being's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was meliorate than Ebsen's, he however had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'southward face that took more a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a outburst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor likewise early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, only her cape snagged on the platform when the burn down flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwards instantly, causing second- and tertiary-caste burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'due south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Near every bit scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
Yet, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) near iconic vocal of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the picture.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song fabricated the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cut room floor.
The Tin can Homo Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Rest Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then potent that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. Information technology seems fifty-fifty fantasy and sci-fi can't aid folks escape all their issues.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, just traded parts with Ray Bolger. Nonetheless, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Homo, caused him a world of issues. Namely, the graphic symbol'southward silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen'southward lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the part with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), only didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that really concur up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and so reversed the footage to make it look similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an consequence in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalization of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her performance. The picture went on to brand roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — simply it still didn't reflect the movie's success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'southward Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title menu — equally the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic graphic symbol instead.
To make a disarming animal, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit made from existent panthera leo peel. Nonetheless, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in Oct of 1938 only didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That'south almost $l million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the flick only earned $3 million at the box part — nearly $51.eight meg by today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and pic rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Fourth dimension Earlier "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just sixteen years old when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them slumber later studios shot them upward with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Limited, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vox of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length blithe film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Non just did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful flick of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM endemic the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin can Man's "If I But Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art m Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the reddish color would actually pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's principal costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in well-nigh ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Simply One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Yet, despite all these scenic locations, virtually all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the motion-picture show is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is ane of the nigh dearest dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Homo spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to detect one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to beingness a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her grapheme was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to prove kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the graphic symbol.
According to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was likewise a sad, lonely figure. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Different Colour" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were just every bit amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human being and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a dissimilar colour" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweetness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'due south flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in club to requite life to this fantasy flick. To keep upwards with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since virtually of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Near actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — 6 days a week! — to begin the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Movie
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the bang-up fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping 3 of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the mantle" was voted #24, while "At that place'southward no identify similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the often misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the pic is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cerise slippers from the immature girl's feet. All the same, burn down strikes the Witch's easily, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upward clip to make information technology look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part trouble-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oftentimes heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would await best on film, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply because it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited virtually? Information technology's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than I Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W'southward beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a business firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the brusque-lived owner of the cerise slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the carmine slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film'southward Running Time Was Cutting Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zippo past today's Curiosity picture show standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (peak right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later on, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Can Man becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'south Wicked Witch of the W performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only non everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the moving picture's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to article of clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing bout the twenty-four hour period of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more than apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical imitation pas?
Information technology'due south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the film's debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the aforementioned twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box role. (You may have heard of that little movie — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thank you in part to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 1000000 viewers. Information technology'south believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is 1 of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in flick history, largely due to the number of annual boob tube screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/entertainment/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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